Emerging Trends in Marketing

Marketing is everywhere. Formally or informally, people and organizations engage in a vast number of activities that we could call marketing. Indian consumer today is economically far better off than his earlier generations. The coming years will bring full of high-return marketing opportunities. By closely watching the hottest trends, a marketer can make smart choices that let him step ahead of his slower-moving competitors. In these terms, marketers nationwide are setting their plans for future by adopting new ways of marketing. Thus an entrepreneur can use some of these tactics to reach its customers in the coming years.It aims to provide information to solve Managerial dilemmas in all functional areas. This conference will provide an opportunity to enhance knowledge and skills required to solve business problems and meet the challenges of a fast paced decision making environment. Today marketers focus on engaging the customers, offering them value and a customer experience which is innovative and customized. Consumers today are becoming digitally conscious and marketers are leveraging this opportunity to position their brands in a clutter breaking manner and gain competitive edge.A highly competitive environment, knowledgeable consumers and fast pace of technology are keeping business enterprises on their toes. Today management and its concept have become key for survival of any business entity. Good marketing has become an increasingly vital ingredient for business success and marketing profoundly affects our day-today life. It is embedded in everything we do – from clothes we wear to the websites we click on, to the ads we see. Marketing trends look even more digital in 2012. Mobile versions of websites are becoming the smartest trend.This conference aims at exploring diverse facets of emerging marketing trends to offer implemental managerial inputs. Through various academic deliberations, the forum shall be used as a platform to disseminate new kn owledge and leverage benefits from existing marketing know-how. This conference will provide an opportunity to enhance knowledge and skills required to meet the challenges of a fast paced decision making environment. The Conference aims at bringing together the best minds, both in the corporate and academic fields, to one forum and discusses the issues, challenges, strategies and recent trends in area of marketing.

Compare the ways the poems/poet present injustice Essay

The two poems I have chosen are Limbo by Edward Kamau Brathuaite and Nothing’s Changed by Tatamkhula Afrika. This poem tells the story of slavery in a rhyming, rhythmic dance. It is either Heaven or Hell, so if you’re in limbo you are in between. It is about the actions of the dance, and the history of a people which is being enacted. Going down and under the limbo stick is likened to the slaves’ going down into the hold of the ship, which carries them into slavery. Nothing’s Changed is about the destruction of district 6, where people of all colours and beliefs lived together. However after the apartheid it was declared a ‘whites-only’ area. I chose these 2 poems as they are both injustice and tell in 2 different scenarios. Three techniques I chose to compare are structure, imagery and juxtaposition The structure for Limbo is that there are no punctuation until the last sentence where there is a full stop to end it. This is because it is symbolic to the slaves’ continuous suffering. Also something that is very effective and which is not recognised quickly is that the poem begins with a capital letter, to show the journey has begun and ends with a full stop to show the journey has ended. This is a great technique used to show injustice. Nothing’s changed structure is the poem is set out in six stanzas, each of eight fairly short lines. The title and the last line of poem are the same. The poet is trying to emphasise the same old District Six he returns to still hasn’t changed. He is saying even though that the apartheid has ended in reality it still very much exists. Yes the signs have gone but he feels there are still the same attitudes, social divisions and tensions. The way he has written give you a clear understanding so in a way it shows injustice is in the poem. Imagery presents injustice in the poem, it says â€Å"limbo like me† so either join me in the dance or I am in limbo. This gives you imagery. Also â€Å"Long dark deck is the silence in front of me† â€Å"stick is the whip/ and the dark deck is slavery† gives you imagery to. It shows they are on a boat so there must be water around and it is silent. The word slavery makes you think of an image. Also you picture a boat full of slaves on the water going somewhere and it is full of silence. Nothing Changed is ‘I press my nose, to the clear panes, know, before I see them.’ You can picture the poet pressing his nose onto the window and he can see that the place was once theirs but now it belongs to white people. It’s like there is a barrier that blocks his path into going there. This definitely presents injustice as he is not able to go there because of his colour. Both these poems give vivid pictures when you read them. Juxtaposition also presents injustice in both these poems. In Limbo there is good and bad, as in heaven and hell in the poem. It first starts sad and then happy so â€Å"stick is the whip and the dark deck is slavery† then later on â€Å"up up up up / and the music is saving† â€Å"The drum stick knock / and the darkness is over me† it is like the bad has gone and the good is here, everyone can be happy. In Nothing’s Changed it shows black and white people, being separate. â€Å"new, up-market, haute cuisine, guard at the gatepost, whites only inn† then to â€Å"Down the road, working man’s cafe sells bunny chows. Comparing the 2different stores the rich one for white only and the poor to black people.

Victorain Realism vs Romanticism

This was reflected in the writing, which was more formal but eventually the writing began to develop an emotional strain. This led to writers focusing on pains of death and lost love, and towards the era of Romanticism http://www. Martinets. Was/timeless/enlightenment_age. HTML Throughout the sass and half of the sass, Europe was ravaged by religious wars. (lead to ration over tradition) http://www. Weeklies. Org/what-is-the-difference- between-romanticism-and-realism. HTML Romanticism and Realism are two opposing art style, where one focuses on idealism and the other on maintaining what is true.Romanticism glorified things, imagining characters with the ability to shape the destiny of an entire nation. Realist literature defined real life experiences of other people, and would highlight injustices in hope of bringing social change. Http:// Perez. Com/calculatedly/romanticism-vs.-realism/ Realist techniques involve a setting that relates to the author, and by a plot that uses ordinar y events. Protagonists and other characters are normal, but are defined by personal conflict, whether physical, mental, or emotional. Author places injustices of the time in plain view, and allows reader to form their own opinion.Realism would sometimes attack romantic ideas in their own work, in realist novels, characters make (and are defined by) their own choices, rather than Just reacting to choices that have already been made. Romanticism usually has circumstances considered out of the ordinary, plot development over character development, traumatized story. Http:// indefinites. Bloodspot. Ca/2013/05/romanticism-vs.-realism. HTML The second half of the century (after romanticism) was filled with many civil wars, and the industrial revolution which destroyed the middle class, effectively destroying the economy of Victorian London. Http://www. Essay. Du/dept/English/dismiss/room. Lit. Char. PDF Characteristics of romantic literature; 1 . ) Imagination and emotion more important t han reason and formal rules

Hardening Computer Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hardening Computer Networks - Essay Example However, an organization can deal with these security threats by adopting an appropriate security procedure. In fact, there are numerous guidelines and security measures that can be adopted by organizations in order to secure their computer networks (Nash, 1999; Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005; Singhal, 2013). In this scenario, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a well-known organization that establishes and provides effective guidelines for promoting information technology (IT) security. In addition, NIST has established a wide variety of standards for securing all kinds of IT resources such as networks, computers, and equipment and so on (Scarfone & Souppaya, 2009). This paper discusses a standard operating procedure on how to properly secure an enterprise computer network using NIST standards. This paper discusses a variety of mechanisms that organizations can adopt in order to secure their networks. It is believed that the majority of people don’t change their default SSIDs. Normally, manufacturers offer access points with a standard network name like that, default, tsunami, etc. In addition, this SSID is distributed users to let them known about the availability of the access point. This default SSID must be changed upon installation to something that does not directly relate to an organization. It is suggested that an organization should not rename its SSIDs to company name, brand name, company phone number or something else for which company is famous for. So that a hacker cannot guess it easily (Airtight Networks, 2014). Passwords are the most common type of security measures used to protect data, system and networks from un-authorized access. In fact, passwords are used all the way through the organization to access different services and data. In addition, company’s employees need passwords to use their computer or access a network.

Sex, Lies and Conversation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sex, Lies and Conversation Paper - Essay Example One of the key differences is that men do not like to face a women while talking in contrast women prefer to face a man while talking either it a serious issue or not. For example, men feel comfortable sharing thoughts and feelings while physically turned away from the person they are talking to since they associated direct eye contact with confrontation. To illustrate this when an individual and a friend are walking or enjoying a ride, one does not have to face one another since one is going to lose concentration on what they are doing and this makes them to be active on what they are doing. On the other hand, women stand directly facing each other to attract the attention of an individual and failure to maintain eye contact associate it with disinterest and rudeness. Women base their argument that if one is not honest, he will not look at someone directly to the eyes which is actually true since when on is being lectured by parent one fells guilty and would not maintain eye contact . Another key difference is change of subject or a topic that is being discussed by individuals. Men tend to keep on changing topic that is being discussed while women tend to stick to one topic until it has been completely discussed to their satisfaction. For example, Ruth and William are friends to me and they are married couples, Ruth talks about why men cheat to their spouse but William changes the topic and talk about how the economy is bad. This angers Ruth since she feels bad since the topic is about their relationship and William seems not to care. This theory shows that men are impatient and they tend to change subjects and cause conflict. Another difference is how men and women comfort others, men tend to see as if everything is okay while women offer support and encouragement to their friends. For example when one is bad economic situation a man will just say that it is normal but a woman

Objects of significance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Objects of significance - Essay Example Nevertheless, when we shared special moments during our school life with my best friends, some of them gave me these objects as a reminder of our friendship. In fact, I only get a chance to meet my best friends during the summer and winter break. My prime objective to attend CCQ was to study and leave this place; thus, I never had any intentions to socialize with other students. Instead, I had chosen to spend all recreational time on my phone since I get the chance to chat with my high school friends. However, one of them has recently decided to join CCQ, but we barely get a chance to spend quality time together due to our inflexible schedules. Once I read a quote by Edna Buchanan, â€Å"friends are the family we choose for ourselves." I realized the true meaning of this quote, when my friends, whom we had spent years together, are beyond my reach. These friends are my chosen family; in fact, they were even becoming very close to my mother. Therefore, with this background information, I hope it will be easy to make you understand what this bracelet and necklace mean to me. The bracelet was a gift from one of my oldest friends in NYC, though time difference has taken a toll on our friendship we have still managed to remain close friends. In fact, it is a gift with more psychological effects than sentimental value. Moreover, it keeps me closer to my friend despite the distance between us. On the other hand, this necklace was a gift on my birthday by another friend, who currently lives in Lebanon, and the necklace has the same value as the bracelet; thus, this gives a reason why these objects are of significance to me. Thank

Performance and Reward Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and Reward Management - Essay Example A good performance strategy entails a good competitive strategy, organizational structure, corporate structure and good human resources processes that include a reward management (Shields 2007). Reward strategy and management Reward strategy means achieving a balance between the human resource strategies, the environment that the organization operates in including the culture, technology and the external environment. It sets out to establish the purpose and intent of the organization on how its policies and processes on rewards meet the objectives of the business (Molander, et al 1994). Companies are increasingly trying to involve employees in the decision making processes and training them so as to attract and maintain them. Reward management involves managing all those rewards that are given to employees due to their contribution towards the growth and development of a company. It also involves identifying the strategies, systems, processes and policies that enable an organization to achieve its objectives by rewarding and attracting people they require by way of motivating them. It aims at meeting the individual, organizations and team performance as per the objectives set out. According to Williams and MacDerine, proper management of the rewards system usually leads to an enhanced employee behavior and well being, a well balanced relationship between life and work and eventually it increases the motivation and performance of the employees (Cornelius, 2001). A good reward system must be able to prioritize reward plans that are in line with the human resource and business strategies. A good reward strategy has four main guiding principles which include equity, constitency, transparency and fairness. The strategy must be fair... Reward strategy means achieving a balance between the human resource strategies, the environment that the organization operates in including the culture, technology and the external environment. It sets out to establish the purpose and intent of the organization on how its policies and processes on rewards meet the objectives of the business (Molander, et al 1994).Companies are increasingly trying to involve employees in the decision making processes and training them so as to attract and maintain them. Reward management involves managing all those rewards that are given to employees due to their contribution towards the growth and development of a company. It also involves identifying the strategies, systems, processes and policies that enable an organization to achieve its objectives by rewarding and attracting people they require by way of motivating them.   It aims at meeting the individual, organizations and team performance as per the objectives set out. According to Williams and MacDerine, proper management of the rewards system usually leads to an enhanced employee behavior and well being, a well balanced relationship between life and work and eventually it increases the motivation and performance of the employees (Cornelius, 2001).  A good reward system must be able to prioritize reward plans that are in line with the human resource and business strategies. People will always feel treated fairly according to how they are paid and depending on the value of their work to the company.

Organizational behaviors management term project - Panda Express Paper

Organizational behaviors management project - Panda Express - Term Paper Example The menus in this restaurant brought to America the flavors of Szechuan and Mandarin cuisine. These same menus became the inspiration and standard for all the Panda Express restaurants that are known and loved in the wide America. The making of quality meals with fresh and premium ingredients besides being served fast and hot was one competitive advantage Andrew identified and utilized to the fullest. The result was the tremendous growth of the Panda Express chain of restaurants not only in the United States but the world over (Fox77). Our group’s selection of the Panda Express chain of restaurants out of our love for authentic Chinese cuisine and our being intrigued by how fresh and fast the food is constantly cooked and served. A majority of the group members have had meals at the Panda Express restaurants and realized that the quality of the food is uniformly of a high quality. Our love for authentic, or fairly authentic, Chinese cuisine seems to have travelled with us from China to the United States. It was a unanimous decision among the group members who, having eaten at several Chinese restaurants across the United States that claimed to offer authentic cuisine, all decided that only the cuisine found at the Panda Express chain of restaurants lived to its name (Grenway 44). ... The latter is to expose the Chinese citizens firsthand to American-Chinese type of cuisine which is excellent (Filipova 45). The main goal of the group is to find out how Panda Express is able to serve such high quality food at its characteristically fast pace yet retain the fine features of a dining eatery. The aim of group is of the opinion that the managers utilize the rush hours besides having active communication skills with their subordinates to create an excellent customer experience (Tosi and Pilati 109). The aim is to research into the managers’ use of leadership, motivation and employee engagement skills in forming a group of hard-working employees with the restaurant’s aim in their hearts. Another aim is to find out the managers’ daily activities that contribute to the success of the restaurant chain and push the employees to willingly outdo themselves in their service (Griffin and Moorehead 40). What also evoked our curiosity was the fact that some me mbers of this group eat at the Panda Express restaurant on the campus premises once to four times each week and always find the food freshly cooked even with the high demand for the food which always seems to improve in taste (Sharma 73). Hypothesis The group’s belief is that managers use leadership skills acquired from outside the restaurant chain or gained at the restaurant to instill a sense of urgency among the employees and then set cooking or serving goals that have always outdid the demand from customers. Among the leadership skills most likely driving the success in the restaurant chain are conflict resolution among the employees and management, quickness of thought to invent better services and the accuracy of predicting rush hours to utilize the large number of customers

Bretton Woods system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bretton Woods system - Essay Example It is undeniable that in the current debate on the international economic co-operation, we miss historical prospect completely. Or at least, we do not want to remember us the context in which was set up what we can call the great sedentary project of post-war period, not more of the role that one intended to make play at the time each great institution in their respective field. It is not a question to reconsider a period, already completed, but at least to remember, on a side, that the Agreements of Bretton Woods belong to a great project which, was not going from there to be carried out, at least until the failure of the Charter of Havana and the Cold war do not come to put at it a downtime. On the other side, which it is a question of setting up this great project, to make "the great decision" as could write it Shotwell in a book which completely reflects the spirit of its time, ''that if the crisis of the Thirties, with its batch of unemployment, dislocation of the world economy, commercial wars, etc, had sufficiently traumatized the spirits so that any idea of return to the past, with this economic order that had exerted oneself to restore in the inter-war period, is immediately evacuated. That is in question; is to set up a new order, an order which breaks with the past. And so that it was thus, it was not only necessary to rebuild the world economy on new bases, but also to rebuild the national economies on bases such renewed. At the time when is held the conference of Bretton Woods, in July 1944 let us recall it, the exit of the War is sealed since the unloading successful in Normandy. It is at the post-war period that is consequently a question of thinking, with the errors of the past which was a question of avoiding renewing, with the way in which one was going to rebuild the world economy. It is also the way in which one was going to institutionalize and widen this solidarity between the allied nations which, across the systemic differences, made so that it appeared possible to set up a new order. It is clear, when one looks at this period with a certain passing that the United States played a role determining in the installation of this new kind, but it agrees to bring many nuances with what could appear with the first access only the installation of a new hegemonic order, a kind of Pax Americana imposed. In this respect, it will be certainly interesting to return on the contents even of the American project, on the debates that one could raise at the time including in the American public opinion, as on the role played by these two large protagonists of Bretton Woods who were Keynes and White, to precisely see the project could be set up only insofar as this project rested on common principles, and that it answered common aspirations. It is under this angle that it is necessary, to approach the international order of post-war period and its prospects; while looking initially towards the United States, as it is them which mainly drew contours of this order, but also and in parallel, while looking towards the other countries, and in

English and Spanglish Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English and Spanglish - Personal Statement Example Both Spanish and English occupy an important place in my life helping me to communicate and understand other people. In my life, language diversity begins with effective quality education, and whenever we will seek to create multifaceted cultural strategies in schools, they will be readily reflected in my social environments, for these are also shaped by those who graduate from schools and who are actively involved into various types of cultural initiatives that are closely aligned with the major goals in education. Effective communication is not possible without learning and demonstrating good communication skills. My impression is that the general attitude to this language group is hostility that is showed from the side of the white population. Amy Tan writes: "people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her" (Amy Tan). The combination of t hese skills is very important for facilitating effective communication. As for good communication practices, these practices are important for ensuring that my needs and interests are being heard and addressed. What is fundamental for effective communication is "active" listening. Traditionally, good listening entails listening to the content of the dialogue. In the major part of the cases the context of the dialogue is comprised of the tone and physical gestures. These are used by people to express the interests of the group. My English differs from other Englishes so I use many Spanish words and phrases which help me to express my emotions and feelings. Usually, I use these phrases at home and with my friends who understand them correctly. So, I try to avoid Spanishisms while communicate with other people. At present, I belong to Spanish language community. The major specific feature of this community is that the people show a specific kind of attitude to the Spanish spoken population of the island. Similar to Amy Tan, I experience that "there are other Asian-American students whose English spoken in the home might also be described as "broken" or "limited." And perhaps they also have teachers who are steering them away from writing and into math and science, which is what happened to me" (Amy Tan). This fact is very important since it can push language bearers to survive under the effect of many factors. The survival of the Spanish language is the thing that closely depends on the activities of the whol e group. The person that took an active role in the activities of the organization was projected to make a number of rather negative evaluations. Even now the group of rather negative evaluations still continues to be placed on Patois. Language use of these nations continues to be one of the things that still matters. Traditionally, this thing requires people to make little effort to provoke comments. My own experience in working with Spanish group indicates that the remnants of this accent still exist in our society. The main reason for that is the uniqueness of the Spanish language. Even now the language continues to be spoken in the U.S. This tendency remains to be supported by many U.S. residents. The main reason why U still use Spanish often can be simply described as "enjoyment". Once, I was also in the situation close to making a significant linguistic misstep. The situation

Salling & Sales Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salling & Sales Management - Essay Example Thus, having an iPad ensures more than just convenience of having both smartphone and laptop in a one-unit package. It also ensures convenient features that are combined together and are remarkably present in smartphone and laptop. This makes iPad as an amazing technology and a perfect work of technological innovation to meet the demand for comfort, flexibility and satisfaction in a world where business and communication are revolving around and connecting the lives of people. 2. What is the difference of iPad from smartphones and laptops? Features wise, there can be no difference when it comes to what iPad can do and smartphones and laptops individually. However, what is amazing about iPad is its ability to do all the things that smartphones and laptops can possibly do. Section 2. After sales and customer follow up After closing a sale, the relationship between the seller and customer does not end because the job of a salesperson does not end after money has been exchanged and contr acts have been signed. In fact, follow up with the customers is necessary after a sale so as to build the relationship. It is important to regard prospects that a seller has won over as new friends by keeping in touch with them on a regular basis. What is the good thing about in making this is that a sales person is making a wide network of contacts with people who can give their trust and confidence on him.

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual orientation Age Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race All black people like fried chicken All Asian people are smart White people are all nerdy. Sexual Orientation Homosexuals are all effeminate. Straight guys are all belching morons. Homosexuals are weak. Religion Muslims are all warlike Jews are greedy and money hungry. Christians are hypocritical conquerors. Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? It is my personal conviction that stereotypes have absolutely no positive aspects. This sort of thinking only leads to deeper struggles and inequality within societies. It is absolutely vital for a deeper level of understanding to be reached by people of differing race and ethnicity in order for the possibility of a peaceful world to exist. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? There are many negative aspects of stereotypes. One of the main consequences is the lack of unity within a society or population. If different groups are at war with each other within a society their chances of becoming a true world power are miniscule. Also stereotyping generally leads to violence and pain for everyone involved because of the conflict that it arouses. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. The text defines stereotypes as: unreliable, exaggerated, generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice is defined as: a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority . The difference between these two concepts is that stereotypes are false beliefs about an entire group of people that perpetuate fear and misunderstanding, like: all black people are thugs. Whereas prejudice is a negative feeling towards an entire group based on the fact that they are different. An example of this is the prejudice against hiring blacks to do a certain job because one feels they mentally inferior because they are a different race.(Schaefer 2012). What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is basically one of escalation. The connection between the two usually occurs in the form that stereotyping leads to prejudice. This often occurs because stereotypes create a sense of uncertainty and distrust between groups and prejudice is a more refined and focused form of intolerance that often leads to discrimination and hate. What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? The biggest thing that can be done to prevent prejudice is to educate people about other races and ethnicities, and to work towards establishing a better degree of understanding and unity between different groups of people. It is also necessary to single out those who are acting in a prejudiced manner and show that this type of sentiment will not be tolerated. References Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth edition, by Richard T. Schaefer. Published by Merrill Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.(Ch.2)

Questionnaire Design for Business Research

Questionnaire Design for Business Research INTRODUCTION: Many businesses, economic and social questions are not amenable to a simple YES or No answer. Every business needs some clarification or discussion. Solutions can be presented and every criterion can be either accepted or rejected. To consider the arguments and indeed the facts presented, the completeness of current information and the requirements for new information need to be assessed. Decision maker not only need the DATA but also need to evaluate the quality of the data. One Dictionary definition of data is ‘things known and from which inferences may be deduced. Data refers to information or facts usually collected as the result of experience, observation or experiment, or processes within a computer system, or premises. Data may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as a lowest level of abstraction from which information and knowledge are derived. Data in business means numerical values such as size of a business, its profitability, its product range, the features of the workforce and host of other factor. However numbers alone cannot give clear understanding of the business problems therefore it is important to consider the entire factor that affects the business during its existence such as legal, economic, culture and etc. In general business, require a multi disciplinary approach. The completeness of data is always a problem for the decision maker. Collection of data is always vast, but it depends on the decision maker to decide whether the current data is enough or more additional has to be collected. Collection data is a tedious job and costly also. The main issue for the decision maker is that whether the data has some quality information or no. Data that has bias or is misleading can damage any effective decision making process which can further affect the profit in future. Data can be collected by different sources and most people underestimate the number of sources and the amount of data within each of these data: Paper based sourced: It is books, journals, periodicals, abstract, indexes, directories, research reports, conference papers, markets reports, annual reports, internal record, magazines, newspaper. Electronic based sources: CD-ROMs, online database, Internet, videos and broadcast. Pre-collection activity is the most crucial steps in the collection of data. There is always a formal need of checking the data collected so as to ensures that the data collected defined and accurate and the finding in the collection of data are valid and not bias. In this Globalization century it is important to be abreast with the updated information and data so as to have a competitive edge. 1. Company Overview: My research is based on Dominos: Starting in business with his brother James in 1960, Tom Monaghan brought a pizza store named DomiNicks in Ypsilanti, Michigan. A year later, James traded his interest in the store for a Volkswagen. Tom formed another partnership and, during the next three years, continued to open stores in Mt Pleasant, Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti. In 1965 that partnership was dissolved, leaving Tom with one store in Ann Arbor and two in Ypsilanti. When Tom was searching for the name for his new corporation, a driver suggested the name ‘Dominos. The name was adopted and Tom helped create the now familiar red and white three-dot logo. Through hard work and dedicated team, Dominos grew into international leader in the pizza delivery industry, with over 8,000 stores in 50+ markets. December 1998, saw a change in ownership for Dominos pizza when Bain Capital, a Boston based private equity investment firm, purchased Dominos from Mr. Monaghan. The new leadership has brought an even stronger focus to operational quality and growth, as well as renewed commitment to recruiting and developing exceptional people. To forward the goals, David A Brandon was named Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Dominos Pizza, LLC in March, 1999. Dominos pizza first opened its UK store in 1985 and has over 500 stores now in UK and Ireland. TASK 1: 1. Sources of Data Collection: Nowadays data collection is become very important in this Economic world .When there are many business ,economic, and social question they are not amendable by a simple yes or no, So here to consider the argument and indeed the ‘facts presented, the completeness of current information and the requirement for new information need to be assessed. According to Jon Curwin and Roger Slater, Third edition 1991, stated that one dictionary definition of data is ‘things known and from which inferences may be induced Appraisal and market studies use two types of data- Primary data and Secondary Data. All the data collected should be current, relevant, accurate and conceptually correct. Primary data and Secondary data are defined in The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal as follow: Information that a researcher gathers first hand is primary data. Information from secondary sources i.e. not directly complied by the analyst may include published and unpublished work based on research that relies on primary sources of any material other than primary sources used to be prepare a written work. Decision makers not only data but also the quality of the data because Data that are bias or misleading can damage any effective decision-making process. Whenever we look at data or consider data collection we need to ask ‘what is the problem? or ‘what is the question?Basically there are two types of sources of data 1) Primary Data and 2) Secondary Data. A) PRIMARY DATA: Primary data is facts and information collected specifically for the purpose of the investigation at hand. Primary data is collected specifically to address the problem in question and is conducted by the decision maker, marketing firm, a university and etc. Primary data cannot found elsewhere. Primary data may be collected through surveys, focus groups or in depth interviews, or through experiments such as taste tests. According to Jon Curwin and Roger Slater, Third edition 1991, stated that a statistical enquiry may require the collection of new data, referred to as primary data, or be able to use existing data, Primary data is its collection for a specific project. Advantages: Basic data are included in primary data collection. It is unbiased information It is the information that is collected originally. Disadvantages: Data collected is large in volume It is time consuming Direct and personal intervention has to be there to collect the data The data collected is raw. For example: A distribution census, taken every five years, dealing with retail data Ø Population census which has been carried out in the U.K in every 10years since 1801 ,this exercise gives highly detailed information and reflect data from all part of the population EXAMPLE: Metro Newspaper, Thursday, May 14, 2009. BANKS are slowing down Britains economic recovery by not lending, it was claimed yesterday. The Banks- some of which have been propped up with billions from the taxpayer- are displaying an ‘extreme level of risk aversion when lending to businesses and households, Banks of England governor Mervyn King said. The warning came as the Bank predicted the economy would shrink by 4.5 per cent at the peak of the recession in the summer. Consumer price inflation currently at 2.9 per cent target this year. However, a weak pound, the impact of 0.5 per cent interest rates and government spending offered hope of recovery, Mr King added in his quarterly inflation report. http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-934872/Primary-and-secondary-data-concepts.html B) TYPES OF METHODS OF COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA: Questionnaire Interviews Focus Group Interviews 1. Questionnaire: Questionnaire are a popular means of collecting data, but are difficult to design and often require many rewrites before an acceptable questionnaire produced. Questionnaire is the series of question to be asked to an individual so as to obtain statistically useful information about any given task. It became a vital instrument if it is constructed and responsibly administered. It is frequently used in quantitative marketing research and social research. They are valuable method of collecting a wide range of information from large number of individuals, often they are referred to as respondents. Good questionnaire construction is important for the success of a survey. Inappropriate question, incorrect order of question, incorrect scaling, and bad format can make the questionnaire worthless. In order to have a successful questionnaire it is important to have the subset of target respondent to be tested first. Advantages: It can be used as a method in its own right or as a basis for interviewing or a telephone survey. It can be posted, emailed or faxed. It can be used for large volume of people or organization It has wide geographic coverage. It is relatively cheaper No prior arrangements are needed. It avoids embarrassment on the part of the respondent. Respondent can consider responses. There is a possibility of respondent being anonymous There is no Interviews bias. Disadvantages: Designing the questionnaire is a problem Questions have to be relatively simple. It has low response rate. It is time consuming whilst waiting for the response to be returned. It requires return deadline. Several remainders are required while conducting the questionnaire. It assumes no literacy problems. There is no control over who completes the questionnaire. It is not possible to give assistant if required. There is a problem with incomplete questionnaire. The replies are not spontaneous and independent of each other. Respondent can read all questions beforehand and then decide whether to complete or not may be because it is too long complex, uninteresting, or too personal 1.1 SUCCESSFUL QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: To be successful, a questionnaire needs both a logical structure and well thought out questions. The structure of the questionnaire should have a flow from question to question and from topic to topic, just like the conversation between two people. Any radical jump between questions or topic would create a problem or confusion to the respondent. It is often suggested that a successful and useful technique is to move from general to specific questions on any particular issue. The Gallup organization has suggested that there are five possible objectives for a question: To find if the respondent is aware of the issue To get general feelings on an issue To get answer on specific parts of the issue To get reasons for a respondents views To find how strongly these views are held 1.2 DESIGN OF POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE: Theme and covering letter: The general theme of the questionnaire should be explicit in a covering letter. You should state who you are, why the data is required, give if necessary, an assurance of confidentially and/or anonymity and contact number and address or telephone number. This ensures that what respondent is known what they are committing. If possible, you should offer estimate time for completion. Instruction for return should be included with the return date made obvious. Instruction for completion: You need to provide clear and unambiguous instruction for completion. There should be a general instruction for particular question structure. The response method should be indicated (circle, tick, cross and etc). Even example can be given to make question clearer. Appearance: Appearance is the first thing which the recipient reacts. A neat and professional look will encourage further consideration of request, increasing your response. To improve the questionnaire appearance: Liberal spacing makes the reading easier. Photo reduction can produce more space without reducing content. Consistent positioning of response boxes, usually to the right speeds up completion. Choose the font style to maximize legibility Differentiate between instruction and question. Length The length of the questionnaire should not be that long because this could affect the completion of it and respondent may be uninterested to complete. Order: The most important and crucial stage in questionnaire is the beginning. Once the respondents have started to complete the question they will normally finish provided if it not too long or difficult. Coding: It is advisable non numerical responses when designing the questionnaire rather than trying to code the responses when they are returned. Thank you: Respondents to questionnaire rarely benefits personally from their efforts and the least the researcher can do is to thank them. Even though the covering letter will express appreciation for the help given, but it is always advisable to thank the respondent at the end of the questionnaire. Question: Question asked should be short, simple and to the point avoid any unnecessary words. It shouldnt confuse the respondent as it could affect the completion of questionnaire. Types of Questions: Contingency question: A question that is answered only if the respondent gives a particular response to a previous question. This avoids asking questions of people that do not apply to them. Matrix question: Identical response categories to multiple questions. The question are placed one under the other, forming a matrix with response categories along the top and a list of question down the side. This is efficient use of page space and respondents time. Close ended question: Respondents answers are very limited to a fixed set of responses. Other types of closed ended question include: Yes or No question: The respondent answer with a ‘yes or a ‘no. Multiple choices: The respondents are given with several options from which to choose. Scaled question: Responses are graded on a scale for e.g. rate the food quality scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being the least preferred and with 10 being most preferred. Open ended question: No option or predefined categories are suggested. The respondent gives their own answer without being constrained by fixed set of possible responses. 2) Interviews: Interviewing is a technique that is primarily used to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons and motivation for people attitudes, preferences or behavior. Interviews can be undertaken one to one basis or in group. There different types of interview that can be conducted such as personal interview and telephone interview. Interviews can be structured, semi structured and unstructured. A personal interview has a serious approach by respondent resulting in accurate information. It has good response rate with completed and immediate. Interviewer can also give help to the interviewee if in case it requires some help. There is need to the setup interviews. It is time consuming and expensive. Interviewer can even ask some personal question which could be embarrassing for the respondent. Telephone interview is an alternative form of interview to the personal, face to face interview. It is relatively cheaper, quick and has wider coverage. It has high rate of spontaneous response. Telephone interview is often connected with selling. It often requires questionnaire. Time is wasted if lines get disconnected and if call backs are given it could make the respondent irritate. A strong telephone manner is needed to handle the question raised by the respondent. 3) Focus Group interview: A focus group is an interview conducted by a trained moderator with a small group of respondent. The moderator starts the discussion and then leads the same. The main purpose of the focus groups is to get the insight or complete knowledge by listening to a group of people from the targeted market about the specific issues of interest. SECONDARY DATA: All methods of data collection can supply quantitative data or qualitative data. When using secondary research, one must be caution when using dated information from the past. Secondary data is facts and information gathered not for the immediate study at hand but for the purpose. Secondary data is data which has been collected by individuals or agencies for purposes other those of our particular research study. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, large surveys and organizational records. Secondary data is a data which is collected from primary data to create new research. A secondary data source is a summary of a book or set of records. Secondary data, Sources of primary data include observation, group discussions and the use of questionnaires. Advantages: It is easily accessible and saves time that would otherwise be required for collecting data. The cost to access secondary data is little or no cost to acquire. Secondary data helps to clarify the research focus or question. Disadvantages: Quality of research is questionable because the secondary data is originated from primary data research which is collected and controlled by the marketer itself. In many cases, secondary data is not well presented in a form that exactly meets the researchers needs. In secondary research, much information is incomplete because the researcher may not get the full version of the research to gain the full value of the study. This is because many researcher suppliers offers free portions of their research and then charge expensive fees for their full reports. Example: Data collected by the hotels or the organization through its history system. Data supplied by a marketing organization Annual company reports Government statistics Secondary Data Analysis: Secondary data analysis is commonly known as second hand analysis. It is simply analysis of pre-existed data in a different way to answer a different question than originally needed. It analysis the data that was collected by someone else and uses it in for further study that is intended to complete. Secondary data can be gathered by internal and external source of data collection. Where internal sources includes sales data, reports data, financial data, Transport data, storage data and external sources includes government statistics, trade association, and commercial services There are common sources of collecting secondary data such as from Bureau of the census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and various other agencies. Example: U.S Bureau of the census has kept track of the census of the population for over two hundred years. Moreover, the census includes housing, the labor force, manufacturers, business, agriculture and so on. Census data can be used for various research questions. Anyone has access to the large amount of information nearly one hundred surveys, by visiting their website at (http://www.census.gov). Bureau of Labor Statistics collects information or data on employment, industrial relations, prices, earning, living condition, technology and productivity. Report is out every month in this bureau and they can be viewed at (http://stats.bls.gov ) International Data Sources is a strong source for comparative researchers and can deal with economic aspects, including political events across many other nations. In Europe, a Euro barometer Survey Series is used to publish reports on social and political events in the country. The Design and purpose of research: Secondary data analysis means collecting the data which is collected by some other person and using the same data for understanding the current issue or problem face by the researcher. It is important to have a well defined research type which in turn would help the research to be successful. In order to use the secondary data three steps must be completed: Locate the data Evaluate the data Verify the data Collecting data is easy online but to verify the data whether they care up-to-date or current is important. Therefore it is important to be alert and cautious while using the online sources while collecting the data Example: Ethnicity, discrimination and health outcomes: a secondary analysis of hospital data from Victoria, Australia In this study, secondary data was used in the form of hospital discharge abstract for the state of Victoria in Australia. The variables that were looked at were a persons country of birth and the quality of care they received in a universal health care system. It was secondary data because it had already been collected by the hospital in the way of their charts and discharge abstracts. The researchers were simply looking at the data and the relationship between the listed country of birth and what type of care was listed. The goal of the research was to explore the relationship between a person ethnic background and the amount of care they received from the hospital. The researchers were interested in developing a preliminary set of data that would allow them to develop methods to study the issue further. The discharge abstract contained demographic and clinical information about each patient. From the abstract the researcher separated the patient into three groups. The first being Australian or English patients. The second group consisted of patients who did not visibly appear to be minority e.g. people from Europe, South and Central American. The third group contained people that were visible minorities e.g. Middle Easterners, Asians, Africans and Pacific Islanders. Dominos strives to excel in customers satisfaction. Its major competitors are Perfect Pizza with over 200 outlets, Pizza Hut with over 170 restaurants and also small pizza delivery business; it is believed that there are as many as 4,000 pizza delivery companies in UK. It is important to have updated knowledge about the market so as to survive the recession. Dominos store in UK conducted the questionnaire to have clear idea about the market needs and customer expectation. DOMINOS PIZZA 315 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4HH Telephone: 020 8995 4555 http://www.dominos.uk.com/people/Current_Positions.aspx TASK 2: TECHNIQUES TO ANALYSE DATA: Data which is collected needs to be analyzed and then interpreted or technique to presented in the form that is self explanatory and easily understandable. Therefore, it is important to know the process that is included in process of analyzing the data. Data analysis is the process of gathering, modeling, and transforming data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusion and supporting decision making. Data analysis has multiple ways, approaches and technique. The main task is to interpret the information or the data that is collected. There are various ways to interpret the data in a simple for easy understanding. Interpretation of data is important for making a decision for the business. There are different ways or methods how a data can be interpreted, that is: Method1: Graphical presentation Method 2: Mean, Median and Mode Method 3: Quartile, percentile and Standard deviation. Method 1: Graphically presentation: The easiest way to present the data is through graphs and diagrams. There are different graphical presentations that are used for interpreting the data or presenting the data. To show the relationship between two variables we use graphs and diagrams. Using graph can have quick and direct understanding. It highlights the most important facts. It gives easy understanding of the data and can have a long lasting impression. Graph can be used when the data is dispersed, few or numerous and has little or no variation. Below is the detail for the local garage which is facing the fierce competition and wants to compete in the market with the reasonable prices. HISTOGRAM: Histogram is the popular graphing tool. It is used to explain discrete or continuous data that are measured on an interval scale. It is often used to present the distribution of data that is collected for the purpose. It divides the range of values in the data set into group classes. Histogram is more similar to vertical bar graph but when the data are continuous, there are no gaps between the bars. When the variables are discrete, gaps should be left the between the bars. In histogram, frequency is measured by the area of the column and in a vertical bar graph; frequency is measured by the height of the bar. Histogram graphically shows: Center (i.e. the location) of the data Spread (i.e. the scale) of the data skewness of the data presence of outliers and Presence of multiple modes in the data. The most common form of the histogram is taken by dividing the range of data into equal classes. That is, Vertical axis: frequency Horizontal axis: Response variable The histogram is a popular graphing tool used in the presentation of the data. It is used to summaries discrete or continuous data that are measured on an interval scale. It is often used to represent the major features of the distribution of the data in an easy form. The October costs of the garage. In the data the costs of the servicing may be grouped into classes as follow: Tabulated (grouped) continuous data Method 2: Mean, Median and Mode are the most commonly used forms of average for the most business data. Each has its own characteristics, and whilst it will be possible to use them interchangeably with some data sets, for others there will be a single average which will be most appropriate. One consideration will be the type of the data with which we are dealing is it categorical, ordinal or cardinal; secondly we must ask if the data is discrete or continuous. 2.1 Mean: The arithmetic mean is the name used for the simple average which you can already calculate. Almost everyone understands this average and thus it will succeed in communicating the concepts of the location of the data to a wide range of people. It does not apply to the apply to the categorical data and its interpretation when used with ordinal data is to open to considerable doubt. When used with discrete data it may give an answer which cannot occur, for example fractional number of people. This is the most commonly used average. The mean is calculated by adding the given values and then dividing the sum by the number of addends. Potential Problem: If you have a large number of small values with a few very large values in your sample, mean averages get skewed: the mean is nearer to the bigger values even though the small values there are smaller numbers. If you have a few small values and a few large values, the mean average can get skewed this way too. If you have one, or more, outlying values that do not follow the general trend of the numbers in a sample, the mean average can be affected more dramatically than intended. There are different ways of calculating Mean in different Data: 2.1.a) Untabulated data: Suppose that there are number of people were 7, 5, 6, 7 and 8. To calculate the mean, we would add all the numbers together to find the total number of people taken, and then divide by the number of values included. Here, the mean would be: That is, / 5 =33/5 =6.6

cognitive models and theories

cognitive models and theories

The Subtle Art of Feminism Essay -- Film Analysis India

Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel, Water, realistically presents the circumstances of women and, in particular, widows in 1938 Colonial India. It exposes the gender inequality and double standards that govern that society for no other reason than that is what tradition dictates. Sidhwa presents complexities in her characters, which make them very human and very real, and the widows’ reactions to each other and to the world outside of the ashram create a feminist message. Water poses the problem of gender inequality in India by presenting a realistic and typical situation, and it allows the readers to draw their own conclusions while experiencing the intricacies of the Indian culture. The most obvious example of inequality or mistreatment of women is Chuyia’s situation of becoming a bride and soon after a widow at age eight. By becoming a widow she is forced into the ashram and into isolation from the rest of society. This is a situation that is common in India due to the fact that tradition dictates â€Å"a woman is recognized as a person only when she is one with her husband† (Sidhwa 14). It shows that society views women as worthless unless they are under the control and service of a man. Furthermore, this tradition means that women are married off as soon as possible as to secure their future and purpose in life, while men are able to wait longer to marry. In Indian culture, men are worth more than women, and the novel shows this fact by contrasting Chuyia’s marriage situation with Narayan’s situation. Chuyia has no say in who she must marry because she is female, and her marriage is entirely dependent on her father, who mar ries off six-year-old Chuyia to a forty year old man. Even though Chuyia’s mother tries to stop the marriage a... ...t â€Å"By drifting almost unnoticeably from the commonplace to the horrific, Water implicates the reader† (Jaiarjun). It does more than rant about a feminist agenda; it calls the readers to action by deeply involving them first-hand in the atrocities that are taking place against women. Works Cited Arora, Kamal, Saydia Kamal, and Usamah Ahmad. "Water: Drenched in colonial benevolence." Seven Oaks. 05 Oct 2005. Web. 13 Apr 2010. . Seton, Nora. "Honoring the abandoned." Houston Chronicle (2006). Web. 5 Apr 2010. . Sidhwa, Bapsi. Water. Toronto, Canada: Key Porter Books Limited, 2006. Print. Singh, Jaiarjun. "Whirlpools on the Ghats." Indian Express (2006). Web. 5 Apr 2010. .

The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay -- Things

More than those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his "revolution" is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebe's portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absence of a moderating female principle in his fictions; 3) Achebe's progressively changing attitude towards women s roles; and 4) feminist prospects for African women. In the context of this study, the Igbo people whom Achebe describes will represent the rest of Nigeria -- and a great many of the nations of Africa. Sociocultural Background Were Nigeria and Africa oppressively masculinist? The answer is, "Yes." Ghana was known to have some matrilineal societies, such as the Akans; but Nigeria's traditional culture, Muslim as well as non-Muslim, had been masculine-based even before the advent of the white man. The source, nature, and extent of female subordination and oppression have constituted a vexed problem in African literary debates. Writers such as Ama Ata Aidoo of Ghana and the late Flora Nwapa of Nigeria have insisted that the image of the helpless, dependent, unproductive African woman was one ushered in by European imperialists whose women lived that way. On the other hand, the Nigerian-born, expatriate writer Buchi Emecheta, along with other critics, maintains that African women were traditionally subordinated to sexist cultural mores. I ally myself to the latter camp. I believe that, in creating a masculine-based society, Ac... ...Function of Folk Tradition." Approaches To the African Novel: Essays in Analysis. London: Saros International, 1992. Nwapa, Flora.   Efuru.   London: Heinemann, 1966. ---.   Idu.   London: Heinemann, 1970. Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo.   "Women and Nigerian Literature." Perspectives on Nigerian Literature. Vol. 1.   Lagos, Nigeria: Guardian Books, 1988. Okonkwo, Juliet.   "The Talented Woman in African Literature." African Quarterly 15.1-2: pages. Rich, Adrienne.   Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution.   New York: Norton, 1976. Thiong o, Ngugi   wa.   Petals of Blood.   London: Heinemann, 1977. ---.   Devil on the Cross.   London: Heinemann, 1982.   Walker, Alice.   "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens." In Search of Our Mothers   Gardens: Womanist Prose. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1983.   231-243. Weinstock, Donald, and Cathy Ramadan.     

Germany Culture Essay

Have you ever wondered where the Christmas tree came from? Along time ago, in the early 700’s a monk, called St. Boniface, was preaching to a group of Germanic Druids. The Druids idolized oak trees. And in order to stop the Druids idolatry of oak trees, the monk chopped down a huge one. Crashing down to the earth, the tree crushed everything in its path, except for a small fir sapling. The monk declared that this was a miracle that this one single sapling wasn’t killed and concluded, â€Å"Let this be called the tree of the Christ Child.† And this is how to custom of having a tree during the Christmas season came to be. It was started by the Germans, and moved to Europe, who brought it to America. [Marples] German Americans have had a very large impact on the American society. One of the largest reasons could be that people with German ancestry comprise about 51 million people, which makes up 17% of all of the U.S’s population. That’s roughly one fifth of all America’s population where one of their ancestors originated from Germany. [American] Germans started coming to the British Colonies of the New World, now the northeastern part of America, in the 1680s. Many immigrants from German continued to come to America during the 19th century. Many immigrated to America because of shortage of land, and religious or political oppression in Europe. [Zane] Even in recent times, Germans have helped shape America into what it is today. German Americans have influenced almost every field of American society, including science, architecture, industry, sports, entertainment, theology, government, and the military. Generals Baron von Steuben, John Pershing, Dwight Eisenhower, and Norman Schwarzkopf commanded the United States Army in the American Revolutionary War, World War I, World War II, and the Persian Gulf War. John D. Rockefeller, William Boeing, Walter Chrysler, George Westinghouse, and Donald Trump have also been an important part of American industry and business. Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jack Nicklaus, Doris Day, and Leonardo DiCaprio became famous athletes or actors. And finally Albert Einstein and Wernher von Braun, two German Americans, greatly effected America and the whole world. Many famous, well known, and people who have changed America greatly have been German Americans. [German] German Americans have also changed the American food greatly also. Germans brought hog dogs and hamburgers to the America’s, which is now known as the â€Å"American Food†, or the food that people think of when they hear America. They also have the beer brewing dominated for most of America. German immigrants Eberhard, Anheuser, Adolphus Busch, and others have greatly changed America’s beer market. [Mittelman] [Home of the Hamburger] Overall, the effect that German Americans have had on America is huge. They have helped shake America in many ways including holiday traditions, science, sports, entertainment, and government. America is not made of one people, but of many. And their idea’s and traditions all mixed together is what makes this such a great country.

Operation Iraqi Freedom Essay

Since the start of â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedom† on 20th of March 2003, the media coverage of this event in traditional and new media has been both intensive and pervasive. The issue of whether the war is justified and of whether Saddam Hussein had indeed violated the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 by possessing weapons of mass destruction has been debated in the lead up to the war. By the time the coalition troops moved into Iraqi in a war aimed at toppling the Saddam regime, viewers were unable to escape being bombarded by the onslaught of news and information coming through to them. Front pages of every major newspaper, as well as precious airtime on television and radio network in Sydney and beyond have been devoted to following this war. Even the Internet is awash with breaking news, discussion forums, and every other sort of information not available in the traditional media outlets. With such extensive reporting by all the different media, it is inevitable that the media bias would lead to vastly differing views in war coverage. This is because having so many people involved in this big media event would mean that the personal biases of the media owners as well as the editors and journalists would all affect the way that the news is conveyed. Each one of these media gatekeepers would be privately pro or anti-war, and this would inevitably come across to the public in the way that the news in being reported. For example, Peter Jennings, who is the news anchor of the American Broadcasting Corporation is well known for bringing on air his negative perspective about the war. According to Singleton, et al (2003: 361), with the exception of publicly funded Australian Broadcasting Corporation, most of the other media outlets â€Å"are privately owned and therefore subject in principle to the direction of the owners, directly or indirectly (through the law of anticipated reactions)†. Even with the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, the Australian media is dominated by only a few concentrated players, which would in turn affect how the media covers the war. John Schwartz, who is a Swinburne University media and communications senior lecturer commented â€Å"on the widely publicised statistic that all bar one of Rupert Murdoch’s 170-odd papers and the Fox network have a pro-war position, said [that] no doubt all his editors are noting Murdoch’s views, [and that] Fox is unbelievably bad†¦almost pure government line†. (cited in Seccombe 2003: 1). However, it is worth noting that even though the different news media locally might adopt a pro or anti-war stance, they would all still be adopting the same western perspective of the war. As Fandy (2003:1) says, the coverage of the war by Arab TV networks like Al-Jazeera and Abu Dhabi TV shows a vastly different perspective of the war, such that in comparison, viewers might think that a different war was being reported. This further illustrates the point that the coverage of the war is always reported in relation to the proximity of the issue at hand, creating some sort of double standards. For example, according to Frisk (2001: 489): † ‘Terrorism’ no longer means ‘terrorism. It is not a definition; it is a political contrivance. †Terrorists’ are those who use violence against the side that is using the word. To adopt the word means that we have taken a side in the Middle East, not between right and wrong, good and evil, David and Goliath, but with one side of combatants against another. For journalists in the Middle East, the use of the word ‘terrorism’ is akin to holding a gun†¦ its employment turns the reporter into a participant in the war.† Parenti (1986: 30) asserts that † the mass media actually are highly centralised outlets that proffer a remarkably homogenised fare†. The wide use of news wires like Associated Press and Reuters by all the major broadsheets in Australia means that the war coverage locally would be generically the same. Even if the local newspapers and television networks decide to send their own reporters to the Gulf to get a different perspectives, it would still be not make a difference, as they are all covering the same press conferences given by Central Command. They are also subjected to pool arrangements at certain times, when only selected journalists and cameramen would be allowed to take footages in the field due to logistical constraints. This means that much of the western world would be viewing the same footages on television no matter which network station a viewer was watching the news on. Advances in technology such as the satellite makes it possible technically for â€Å"the live presentation of [the war in the Gulf] to the rest of the world (Wood 1967: 27). The relatively new feature of war reporting, which involves embedding journalists and cameramen with coalition troops also mean that the war has turned into some kind of reality show for viewers who turn on the television. Viewers can now get live feed from the battlefield, and benefit from the first-hand exclusives and war perspectives from the embedded reporters and cameramen who travel with the army regiments and military units. However, this new aspect of war journalism is not without its drawbacks. While viewers do get immediate breaking news coverage, such technological advances have its downsides as well. The immediate streaming of live feeds to TV stations means that viewers are subject to the speculations of the reporters who are stationed in the Gulf before any official confirmation of the news can be received. For example, there was an instance when, according to Pros and Cons of Embedded Journalism (2003: 1): â€Å"embedded correspondents for several news organisations reported seeing a convoy of up to 120 Iraqi tanks leaving the southern city of Basra, and most news outlets reported a large troop movement. The next day, a spokesman for the British military said the massive movement was really just 14 tanks.† Viewers can also get a distorted view of the war, as it is virtually impossible for the journalists to report the news with in a truly objective and impartial light when they are stationed within the battalions, experiencing camaraderie with the troops and the savouring the excitement of being in the frontline in the midst of all the action. â€Å"Objectivity was to include a strict adherence to facts, a healthy scepticism of institutions, and a need to link facts together to form a larger picture of [the war]† (Willis 1991: 60). As gatekeepers, the media thus shows a constructed, and mostly distorted version of what is reality. In fact, as Howard Kurtz, a journalist with The Washington Post puts it, they â€Å"have been taking considerable flak for overly sympathetic reporting, dismissed by some by some part of the military propaganda machine† (cited in Tee 2003: 2). According to Williams (1999: 4), propaganda disseminated during wartime â€Å"is based around short- to medium term objectives†¦ to celebrate actual achievement or hide embarrassments†¦to invoke national pride, create a feeling of righteousness and incite hatred for the enemy† . Hence, it is not surprising the media bias and perceptions do play a part in the ensuring the scope and accuracy of the war coverage. Even â€Å"the [publicly funded] ABC is shaping its products to fit its perceived audience, and this is not a perspective which is value-neutral† (Lumby 1999: 41). Since there are so many different media sources competing for the viewer’s attention, media owners might also want their reporters to sensationalise their coverage to stand out from the competition. Much of what is deemed to be newsworthy is often centered on â€Å"the government’s mistakes, on sensation and crisis† (Singleton, et al 2003: 360). As Moeller (1999: 34) puts it, â€Å"Media moguls have long known that suffering, rather than good news, sells†. Viewers are not interested in the mundane daily news; they would rather watch something extraordinary or thrilling. However, no matter how bias the media coverage is, it might not actually have much of an effect on the viewers who have already made up their minds about the war. This is because, according to the cognitive dissonance theory, â€Å"we have, built into the workings of our mind, a mechanism that creates an uncomfortable feeling of dissonance, or lack of harmony, when we become aware of some inconsistency among the various attitudes, beliefs, and items of knowledge that constitute our mental store† (Gray 2002: 520). These individuals are likely to be their own media gatekeepers, filtering out information that might cause them to doubt their own current view, and looking out only for information that would reinforce it. Although the media might not explicitly tell the public what to think, it manages to get them thinking about the war in general and the various issues involved, via the agenda-setting function of the media that the public has been subjected to. According to Roscoe et al (cited in Agenda Setting – Setting the Terms of Reference 2000:1): â€Å"Rather than seeing the media as telling the viewer what to think, television presentations can be seen as â€Å"setting the agenda† in terms of how and which issues should be discussed†¦ television presentations frame the events in such a way as to promote particular accounts as being the legitimate and valid, while other accounts are excluded and marginalised. By doing so, the parameters within which the debate can be conducted are set out†¦the media can be seen as having the power to frame the debate by promoting the legitimacy of certain representations and accounts†¦viewers are active but within the parameters set by the text.† According to Ward (2002: 405), the micro-level equivalent to this function would be that of agenda-priming, where â€Å"individuals make judgments about issues based on information immediately on hand and from easily retrieved memories†. The constant coverage of the war in all the different news mediums means that viewers would believe that the war is an important issue, worthy of thought and discussion. While news from the traditional forms of media like television, radio and newspapers may be limited by time and space constraints, as well as being highly selective and bias, the emergence of the Internet has made it possible for people to garner information about the war from all angles. This development of technology makes it possible for viewers to get a balanced view of the war through alternate sources from the Internet in the comfort of their homes, â€Å"particularly in Australia, where computer ownership and Internet access is becoming widespread† (Singleton et al 2003: 369). The public can now choose to educate themselves by getting both sides of the story, from both the western media, as well as the angle taken by the Gulf media. † Nevertheless, quality coverage and a challenge to political agenda setting will depend on the use of insights from both the domestic and foreign environments to extend the parameters of news coverage, commentary and debate in the Australian media† (Payne 2000: 167). According to investigative journalist John Pilger, (in Propaganda Wars 2003:3), â€Å"the quality of the debate is very high among the public†¦turn to the letters page or †¦listen to people in their homes and shops†. Instead of taking an apathetic attitude towards this Gulf War, the public has taken a more pro-active stand by organising peace rallies as well as setting up various charities and donations for post-war Iraq. Hence, even though there is some form of media bias present in the pervasive coverage of the war in all forms of media locally, it has nevertheless contributed to the â€Å"reasoned debate†, and not public hysteria over the war. References Agenda Setting – Setting the Terms of Reference, [Online], 6 February 2000 – last Update, Available: http://wwww.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/ media/setterms.html [ 6 May 2003]. Fandy, M. 2003, ‘Perceptions where Al-Jazeera & Co. are coming from’, The Washington Post, March 30 B01, viewed 4 April 2003, LexisNexis All News. Frisk, R. 2001, Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Gray, P. 2002, Psychology, 4th rev. ed., New York: Worth Publishers. Lumby, C. 1999, Gotcha: Life in a Tabloid World, St Leonards: Allen and Unwin. Moeller, S. D. 1999, Compassion Fatigue: How the Media sell Disease, Famine, War and Death, New York: Routledge. Parenti, M. 1986, Inventing Reality: The politics of the mass media, New York: St Martin’s Press. Payne, P. 2000, ‘Coverage of Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War’ in Foreign devils and other journalists, eds D. Kingsbury, E. Loo & P. Payne, Clayton: Monash Asia Institute. Propaganda Wars (radio program), 30 January 2003. The Media Report, ABC Radio International, Presenter M. O’Reagan. Pros and Cons of Embedded Journalism. [Online]. 27 March 2003 – last update. Available: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june03/embed_3- 27_printout.html [6 May 2003]. Seccombe, M 2003, ‘Propaganda Games Give a Distorted View of Reality’, Sydney Morning Herald, 26 March, Available: www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/25/1048354604340.html [2 April 2003]. Singleton, Aitkin, Jinks & Warhurst 2003, Australian Political Institutions, 6th rev. ed., Melbourne: Longman. Tee, H. C. 2003, ‘ War – The ‘Ultimate Reality Show’, The Straits Times, 7 April, Available: http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/life/story/0,4386181610,00.html [8 April 2003]. Ward, I. 2002, ‘Media Power’ In Government, Politics and Power in Australia, eds. J Summers, D. Woodward & A. Parkin, Melbourne, Longman. Williams, J. F. 1999, Anzacs, the Media and the Great War, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. Willis, J. 1991, The Shadow World: Life between the News Media and Reality, New York: Praeger. Wood, W. A. 1967, Electronic Journalism., New York & London: Columbia

Building, Tasking, and Empowering Teams

While building a cross functional team, I am interested in analyzing a candidate’s skill level, background, expertise, and previous success dealing with product development. In order to handle a self-managed work team, I would provide relative details for the product’s deadline, dates of launch, and other important facts so the team can work together to develop the proper course of action. As the manager, I would practice the art of self-managing the team from a distance unless there is a conflict of interest.The interest of R&D and marketing may be different from that of the manufacturing and R&D departments. The recent build in SMWT breaks the barriers of the diversity pool, but their findings are still valid to a degree. The increase in intragroup task conflict arises once a diverse group capitalizes their initial tasks of granting credentials or age, tenure, and expertise into the work environment (Jassawalla & Sashittal, 1999, p. 53). For example, Team A and B allo ws open forums for discussion of the project’s progress whereas Teams X and Y have intragroup conflicts (Jassawalla & Sashittal, 1999, 55).A cross functional group can develop the overall tasks to be done because a plan must be assembled before action is taken. The dynamics of a cross functional group depends on their capabilities to complete tasks through a detailed outline associated with the desired outcomes. It is very important to utilize research data to formulate the appropriate answers for potential problems they may experience throughout the project (Metlay & Kaplan, 1995, p. 54).These milestones can help the planning committee in making preventive methods to counter each issue one by one. Many cross functional groups use practical procedures and policies to utilize all of the resources for a good reason. One must recognize the significance of a complete, factual plan because the basis of each project must have data or statistics to back up the departments’ de sired outcomes (Metlay & Kaplan, 1995, p. 56). If a manager restricts employee discussion, there is a possibility that the workers are unsatisfied with the functions of the group.Further reviews analyze the different communications styles available: assertiveness, ingratiation, rationality, exchange, upward appeals, and coalition. The five communication distinctions employ various employee empowerment styles that enable the manager’s workers to voice opinions in subtle ways. The firm’s ability to allow the team to help in the decision-making process evolved the motives of each worker. Some employees prefer the upward appeal method because it deals with flattery of skills and unique talents.Others are interested in the assertiveness of their employees because it shows their ability to adapt or acquire more information regarding their work. Continued efforts should be implemented in the cross functional group’s structure to produce high-quality responses from the team (Jassawalla & Sashittal, 1999, 60). The self-managed work teams allow managers more time to focus on the manager’s vision than on how to instruct team of their role (Metlay & Kaplan, 1995, p. 55).Employees gain a different perspective on the role in which they must play in the cross functional group. On each account, both parties capitalize on their new communication models to push the cross functional group in a more, profound direction. References Cited Jassawalla, A. R. & Sashittal, H. C. (1999, Aug. ). Building collaborative cross-functional new product teams. The Academy of Management Executive, 13(3), p. 50. Metlay, E. F, & Kaplan, etc. , (Metlay & Kaplan, 1995). Self-managing work teams: Do they really work? HR. Human Resource Planning, 18(2), p. 53.

Lethal Alleles

The physics concepts that were illustrated in our egg drop project were momentum and energy. In the project, we saw how momentum increases as a normal egg without anything to slow it down would crack. That was because the longer that the egg fell, the more momentum the egg gains. We also saw that by adding resistance during the fall, such as a plastic bag â€Å"parachute†, would slow down the egg enough so that It would not crack when It reached Impact with the ground.The other concept that was discussed was energy. We saw that before the egg Is dropped, It has a potential energy. The potential energy Is the amount of energy that can turn Into hysterical kinetic energy, which can be expended when the egg falls to the ground. The energy can leave the objects from the Impact of the fall (deformation of the object), sound waves, the Impact It has on the floor, or In the surroundings of the egg.In order for a project to be successful, the project would have to have parts that woul d help slow the energy that would surely break the egg without a protective barrier. If I were to do this project again, I would probably add more sponges tot the Inside sides of the construction paper basket and add little pen springs on the bottom of he basket. I would add more side sponges because when we did the actual dropping of the egg, I noticed that the whole basket fell to its side when it reached the ground.By adding more sponge, this would add more cushion to absorb the kinetic energy. I would add the little pen springs on the bottom of the basket so that the whole basket's impact could be absorbed, not only the egg being protected, but also the sponges. By adding these modifications, the egg may be able to withstand an even higher fall than a two story drop because of the extra cushions that would be able to absorb the energy.

Prescription Addiction Essay

Addiction by Prescription In this essay, I’m going to explore the abuse of prescription drugs, provide information on the most commonly abused substances, and on the current treatment options available for users. Because of the rise of prescription pill addiction, it is important that people are made aware of the very dangerous effects that these drugs can have on them. The negative effects can result in jail time, illness, and even death. Painkillers, Depressants and Stimulants, are currently the most commonly abused prescription drugs. Years of research has shown that addiction to any drug (illicit or prescribed) causes a brain disease that can be treated effectively. Successful treatment may need to incorporate several components, including detoxification, counseling, and sometimes the use of addiction medications. Behavioral and pharmacological treatments are both necessary for the recovery of individuals with addictions. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, it is estimated that 48 mi llion people (aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons in their lifetime. That’s approximately 20% of the U.S. population. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in prescription drug misuse or abuse. This increase has led to a corresponding increase in ER visits because of accidental overdoses as well as admissions to drug treatment programs for drug addictions. It’s thought that prescription drug addiction is on the rise because there are more drugs available to more people and the opportunity for abuse is greatly increased. Doctor’s are reporting writing more prescriptions for patients than ever before. In addition, you only have to go on the Internet to find high numbers of online pharmacies selling these addictive drugs. People become addicted to prescription drugs for various reasons. One may have an injury or any type of pain and begin to take the drug, and soon become dependent. Some take the drug longer than necessary and take more than the prescribed dosage. Other people have genetically addictive personalities. It just takes one prescription and the drug can quickly b ecome addicting. Prescription drugs can still get you high, just like street drugs. People often don’t realize the impact these medications can have on them because they were prescribed by a doctor so they tend to think they are safe. Some people might abuse prescription drugs because they  are more readily accessible than street drugs. It is, unfortunately, very easy to â€Å"doctor shop† and get all of the pills that you want. â€Å"Doctor shopping† is moving from provider to provider in an effort to obtain multiple prescriptions for the drugs an abuser is using.†¨ Vicodin, Oxycodone, OxyContin and Percocet are common painkillers that are abused. Painkillers often contain opioids which are highly addictive and can have a serious effect on the brain. They can cause a â€Å"physical dependence,† meaning the body becomes accustomed. There are also very severe withdrawal symptoms. Depressants, such as Valium and Xanax are drugs that slow brain function. They include sedatives (used to make a person calm and drowsy) and tranquilizers (intended to reduce tension or anxiety). These can cause depression, confusion, exhaustion and irritability and can dangerously diminish heartbeat and respiration. This is especially true when depressants are combined with alcohol and over the counter (OTC) medications. It’s a combination that can even lead to death. Stimulants are a class of drugs intende d to increase energy and alertness. These drugs can increase blood pressure, heart rate and breathing. Stimulants affect the brain through a slow and steady release of two neurotransmitters; dopamine and norepinephrine. They are used for treating conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy and, occasionally, depression. Excessive vomiting, tremors, sweating and anxiety are just some of the risks of abusing stimulants. †¨ Breaking free from prescription drug abuse takes much more than willpower. Fortunately, medications and counseling can improve the chances of success. New treatments like Suboxone, and traditional therapies like methadone and 12-step programs, are helping thousands of people stay on the road to recovery. There are various options such as; Drug Rehab Programs Available from Support Systems Homes, Detoxification, Residential Treatment (Residential Drug Rehab), Outpatient Treatment, and Community-Based Self-Help Groups. Now we have explored the depths and effects of addiction and dependency on prescription drugs. There are many causes for addiction and almost any substance can be dangerous if used improperly. As long as there are new drugs there will always be new developments in the way to treat them. In summation, there are many ways and substances to become addicted too and anyone can be at risk. If the dangers are known it is much easier to combat the problem of substance abuse. Work Cited  ·DRUG FACTS.† Drug Facts. National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 1 June 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .  ·The Truth About Prescription Drugs. Foundation for a Drug-Free World, Aug. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .  ·Ã¢â‚¬ Prescription Drug Abuse Rates Increase in the Western United States, Northwest Now Leading Area of Epidemic.† Yahoo News. Passages Malibu, 3 Apr. 2013. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .  ·Ã¢â‚¬ Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction.† Drug Abuse. National Institue On Drug Abuse, Oct. 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .  ·Ã¢â‚¬ Prescription Drug Abuse: Addiction, Types, and Treatment.† WebMD. WebMD, 18 Dec. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .  ·Ã¢â‚¬ Prescription Drug Addiction: Information and Treatment.† Treatment for Prescription Drug Addiction. Support Systems Homes Inc, Nov. 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2013. .

Lightweight vs. heavyweight construction and their implication to Essay

Lightweight vs. heavyweight construction and their implication to energy efficiency in non-domestic buildings - Essay Example Since the effectiveness of the above strategies is related to the thermal mass of the building, the selection of the construction type is crucial. Considering that each type of construction has advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy efficiency, it is difficult to indicate which type of construction is likely to be more effective. Nevertheless, energy efficiency may be achievable when the advantages of both types of construction are exploited. It is well known that, almost half of the delivered energy is being used by buildings (Bellew, 2000). Energy is consumed in buildings for space and water heating, lighting, ventilation, air conditioning systems and general electrical services (Nicholls, 2002). In order to meet the above description, which is necessary both for survival and adequate levels of comfort it is important to consider the type of construction that consumes energy efficiently. In addition to this, the aim of this paper is to assess the methods used in each type of construction - lightweight or heavyweight- in order to provide efficient energy performance in conjunction with comfort in buildings. Energy efficient buildings are characterised by maximum utilization of natural means that result in minimised energy demand for heating, ventilation, cooling and lighting (Goulding & Lewis, 1994). According to this, methods such as natural ventilation, passive cooling, day lighting and effective use of external (solar) and internal heat gains are the main natural means that define energy efficient buildings. It is also important mentioning that, energy efficiency is specified by the effective use of natural means on the fabric of the building. As such, natural means present different performance when reacting with different fabrics. Nonetheless, energy efficiency of buildings is achievable when a well-managed combination of

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 5

Human Resource Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that motivation of employees is crucial for an organization to succeed, since they are the driving factor behind the employees’ commitment to their work and their endeavors towards obtaining the desired results. As the needs vary from individual to individual, it is necessary to make the motivational packages flexible enough to meet the needs of the maximum number of employees. This paper makes a conclusion that the Human Resource Management holds a key position in the progress towards the attainment of organizational objectives, and since the macro and micro environment in which a business operates undergo incessant fluctuations, it is necessary to ensure that the organization is flexible enough to be molded in accordance with these environmental changes, which could be done through the help of the Human Resource Department because they are responsible for managing the most valuable asset of any organization, that is people. When the employees of an organization are motivated and committed towards achieving a certain common target, then the company could withstand all forms of pressures from the environmental changes. The HR Department could manage the workforce diversity and help the workers of an organization adapt to rapid changes, technological advancements, increased globalization and other environmental changes. Furthermore, with the aid of the HR pr actices of managing workforce diversity through different programs and motivational approaches, an organization could gain sustainable competitive advantage and lead the firm into the future on stable grounds.

Hardware Security Module - Optimization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Hardware Security Module - Optimization - Essay Example In this study, an HSM optimization solution will then be proposed to fill the gaps identified. This document mainly aims to perform tests and obtain numeric figures that can be trusted in finding optimal points for the application of this solution in HSM devices of similar nature. 4.1.General specification and capabilities A hardware security module (HSM) can be described as a crypto processor that is dedicated and it is specifically designed to be used for the protection of the crypto key lifecycle. Hardware security modules therefore act as trusted anchors that protect the infrastructure designed from cryptography and some of the organizations that are security conscious in the world. This is achieved by managing, processing, an storing cryptographic keys securely inside a hardened and tamper resistant device. [16] 15 5.1.Signature Service â€Å"The Spanish e-Identification board is currently working to upgrade the infrastructure for electronic identification in (Country Name), based on federated techniques using the SAML standard. This infrastructure contains two important functions are to allow citizens to authenticate themselves securely and to electronically sign documents that represent transactions, agreements, applications and declarations of various forms and types. The signing service does not keep track of users and user keys, but simply generates a new signing key and signature certificate for each signature. This is a procedure that provides a number of important advantages such as: 1)It reduces the amount of user sensitive information that needs to be stored in the server and hence, limits the amount of user sensitive information that can be stolen and abused.2) It provides proof of signing time as the certificate is generated at singing time.3)The signature is always associated wit h a certificate that has sufficient remaining validity time for the intended use of the signed

Windows and Macintosh Operating Systems Assignment

Windows and Macintosh Operating Systems - Assignment Example It is a set of manual and automatic procedures that enable a group of people to share a computer installation efficiently (Hansen 1). This program serve as the primary platform where functional software runs. We have heard about DOS and Windows and perhaps are over-familiar with these things. Along these platform categories there belong different types of individual real names for operating systems. Microsoft, Apple, Linux, and other names are similarly popular. Their functions maybe the same but their suitability may differ depending on the preference and convenience of the user. There are several leading names on office network operating systems. Among these names, there are two, which are most commonly used and adopted by different offices and organizations worldwide. The competing leaders of the commercially available operating systems are Microsoft Windows and Macintosh Operating Systems. Considering the latest versions of these products, let us therefore evaluate the performances of Windows Vista from Microsoft and Mc OS X from Macintosh based on the office network requirements. In addition, file handling and other office functionality of the systems must also be evaluated. Finally, let us look at the picture of other user's preferences based on information of what systems other industries are using. Findings File handling and office works capabilities The office primary activities include document creation, filing and browsing. Apple Incorporated through their website with the title "Mac OS X Leopard" and Microsoft's Windows website titled "Windows Vista" both show that their operating systems supports these office functionality with different methods and styles. However, minor cases differ in file handling such as OS X does not allow "cut" in the Finder to move files just as Vista can do. They both support word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and database programs from other third party sources. Mac has its own Finder similar to Windows Search for easy document files and information searching within the computer, the networks, or the web. The search capability is supported with preview capability to allow seeing the document before opening a means to fast track document search. Windows Vista has file-encrypting capability, which protect file from unauthorized access for computers that are shared by different office workers, and in the networks. Mac OS also supports encrypting within the network. Networking capabilities Networking, whether within office, with other networks, or through the Internet is a major requirement of the current office systems. Software that doesn't support this requirement cannot stand with intense market competitions. Obviously, the Windows and Mac operating systems both should have these capabilities. The question is who has better functionality against the other Browsing the features from the respective official websites of the product we have learned that they have their own unique advantage. Mac OS X supports a